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A lanthanum bromide detector of runaway electrons for TCV
Review of Scientific InstrumentsThe safe control and dissipation of Runaway Electrons (REs) generated in tokamak plasmas is vital for the operation of future fusion reactors. Measuring the evolution of RE energy in tokamaks is important for understanding their generation, transport, and t…
Scrape-off layer and divertor physics: Chapter 5 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation
Nuclear FusionAbstract Since the publication of the review Progress in the ITER Physics Basis (PIPB) in 2007, significant progress has been made in understanding the processes at the plasma-material interface. This review, part of the ITPA Nuclear Fusion Special Issue On…
Numerical Lie-transform and neighboring equilibrium update in nonlinear simulation of the drift-wave turbulence in a tokamak fusion plasma
Reviews of Modern Plasma PhysicsAbstract The nonlinear global gyrokinetic (GK) simulation is critical in understanding the nonlinear behavior of the drift-wave turbulence, which mainly determines the plasma confinement in a tokamak fusion plasma. Recently, the Numerical Lie-Transform (NLT…
Extending the gyrokinetic code GENE-X to stellarators
Computer Physics CommunicationsPlasma turbulence is a fundamental process and a key transport mechanism in magnetic confinement fusion (MCF). Due to its complex, non-linear dynamics, turbulence is typically studied through numerical simulations. While turbulence in the confined core plas…
PLASMA CONTROL IN A TOKAMAK-MACHINE USING ONLY MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS
Journal of Deep Insights in Fundamental PhysicsThe "clean" nuclear energy of tomorrow will probably be produced using Tokamak-type machines, despite the technological difficulties. Thermonuclear fusion based on the Tokamak process is more promising than that based on other types of fusion machines such…
Neural network-based classification and regression of magnetohydrodynamic modes in tokamaks
Nuclear FusionAbstract We present a machine learning-based magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) classifier and regressor that utilizes real or complex-valued 3D magnetic sensor array data to determine neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) onset times in tokamaks with millisecond accuracy…
Synthetic model of gamma-ray emission during DT experiments on the SPARC tokamak
arXivIn thermonuclear plasmas, plasma ions undergoing nuclear reactions emit gamma-rays with energies in the MeV range. Their spectroscopy can convey much plasma information, such as the DT fusion power, the spatial and velocity distributions of the fast ions, a…
Design specifications for the ion cyclotron heating amplifier system in the Divertor Tokamak Test facility
Fusion Engineering and DesignThis paper provides an overview of the basis of design of the high-power amplification for the Ion Cyclotron Heating system of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility. Notably, this system will be entirely based, for the first time, on solid-state technology, ma…
Variability of MHD instabilities in benign termination of high-current runaway electron beams in the JET and DIII-D tokamaks
Nuclear FusionAbstract Benign termination, in which magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities deconfine runaway electrons (REs) following hydrogenic injections, is a promising strategy for mitigating dangerous RE loads after disruptions. Recent experiments on the Joint Eur…
Stellaris: A high-field quasi-isodynamic stellarator for a prototypical fusion power plant
Fusion Engineering and DesignMagnetic confinement fusion research has so far prioritized the tokamak concept, which presents greater design simplicity at the cost of control complexity in comparison to stellarators. Recent progress on high-temperature superconductors (HTS) has enabled…
Laser-based inertial fusion energy system enabled by optical enhancement cavities and a direct-drive configuration reactor
Optics ExpressWe propose a novel and highly efficient laser inertial fusion energy reactor concept based on the shock ignition scheme, in which laser-plasma instabilities are mitigated through 500-beam, multicolor, slowly rotating polarization laser beam irradiation. The…
Advanced Structural Assessment of a Bucked-and-Wedged Configuration for the EU DEMO Tokamak Under a 16.5 T Magnetic Field
EnergiesThe pursuit of compact and efficient fusion energy systems necessitates innovative structural concepts capable of withstanding extreme operational conditions. This study presents a preliminary structural evaluation and stress assessment of a bucked-and-wedg…
Introduction and overview: Chapter 1 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation
Nuclear FusionAbstract The International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) has developed a comprehensive overview of the results of its coordinated R&D activities in fusion physics and diagnostics implemented during the past two decades with the aim of developing an improv…
Hybrid kinetic-MHD modeling of alpha-driven TAEs in the SPARC tokamak
Nuclear FusionAbstract As the magnetic confinement fusion community prepares for the next generation of fusion devices and burning plasmas, there is still a question of whether fast ions (FIs) will drive MHD instabilities, causing significant redistribution or even loss…
Integrated modelling of tokamak plasmas: progress and challenges towards ITER operation and reactor design
Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionAbstract In tokamak plasmas, non-linear interplay between transport and sources/sinks takes place for all transported quantities (current, heat, particles and momentum). Thanks to integrated modelling frameworks, we can iterate physics-based quasilinear tur…
Optimization of buildable stellarator coils to confine electron-positron plasmas and advance fusion reactor design
Elektronische Hochschulschriften der LMU München (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)The stellarator is considered a front-runner for a future fusion power plant. Unlike axisymmetric magnetic confinement fusion devices like tokamaks, stellarators ely on complex, numerically optimized three-dimensional magnetic fields to confine the plasma,…
Numerical investigation of liquid wall ablation in inertial fusion energy chambers
Nuclear FusionAbstract This paper presents a novel approach for modeling liquid wall ablation in liquid wall-protected inertial fusion energy (IFE) chambers. These systems are promising candidates for the implementation of fusion technology, yet significant gaps remain i…
The dual-electron cyclotron emission based measurement of 3D structures on DIII-D tokamak
Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionAbstract The measurements of the locked mode and other 3D magnetohydrodynamic modes are essential for real-time control of plasma stability in future fusion reactors. Current magnetic measurements present non-negligible challenges for the application on fus…
Inaugural central fueling experiment with Compact Torus in EAST
Nuclear FusionAbstract We report, for the first time, non-disruptive central fueling experiments utilizing Compact Torus (CT) plasma injection in the medium-sized fully-superconducting tokamak, EAST ( R 0 = 1.9 m, a = 0.45 m, B t = 1.5–2.5 T). In these experiments, the C…
Design of an X-point slot closed divertor for the HL-3 tokamak with SOLPS-ITER
Nuclear FusionAbstract In this paper, we introduce a novel X-point Slot Closure (XSC) divertor developed for the HL-3 tokamak. The XSC divertor combines the benefits of W-shaped, V-shaped, Small Angle Slot, and Compact Radiative Divertor divertors into a compact design t…
An electromagnetic model in SOLEDGE3X for edge plasma turbulence simulations in tokamaks
Journal of Computational PhysicsEven small fluctuations in the magnetic field are known to impact edge plasma turbulence and transport properties in magnetic confinement fusion devices. Magnetic induction modifies the parallel electric field, and as such, it impacts the parallel current i…
Overview of the Helios Design: A Practical Planar Coil Stellarator Fusion Power Plant
arXiv (Cornell University)Thea Energy, Inc. has developed the preconceptual design for "Helios," a fusion power plant based on the planar coil stellarator architecture. In this overview paper, the design is summarized and the reader is referred to the other papers for more detail. T…
An availability-centric Q-metrics framework for assessing fusion power-plant engineering viability
Fusion Engineering and DesignAs fusion development advances toward DEMO and a first-of-a-kind power-plant, engineering operability and availability increasingly dominate overall system performance. Plasma physics gain metrics, such as Q PHYSICS , demonstrate scientific feasibility but…
Investigating dynamic scenarios of a spherical tokamak fusion power plant
Fusion Engineering and DesignSpherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) is a programme led by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) to design and build a fusion energy power plant that can demonstrate net electricity generation. One of the unique challenges of the STEP…