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A field-aligned gyrokinetic solver based on discontinuous Galerkin in tokamak geometry
Computer Physics CommunicationsThis paper presents the development of a hyperbolic solver for the gyrokinetic equation in tokamak geometry. The discontinuous Galerkin method discretizes the gyrokinetic equation on the field-aligned mesh composed of twisted prism-shaped elements in the to…
Economic study on the key aspects required for a commercial fusion power plant design based on EUROfusion-DEMO to become commercially viable
Fusion Engineering and DesignTo use fusion as a source for energy it is important to understand where future fusion plants would fit into the energy markets of the latter half of the century. The European demonstration power plant (EU-DEMO) is the first step to understanding this but a…
Discovery III: Missions to the Outer Planets Using Inertial Confinement Fusion Propulsion
Journal of Spacecraft and RocketsIn the future, space missions to the outer planets within our solar system that carry a human crew may be possible. This work revisits a NASA crewed spacecraft design concept Discovery II, which proposed to use a spherical torus magnetic confinement fusion…
Integrated physics and magnet design for the ST-E1 fusion power plant
Nuclear FusionAbstract ST-E1 is Tokamak Energy’s commercially competitive fusion power plant design featuring a lifetime high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet cage, which has completed its pre-concept design stage. A central challenge at the pre-concept stage is…
Fiber-Optic Current Sensor Concept for the T-15MD Tokamak
Physics of Atomic NucleiAbstract Classic methods for plasma current measurement in tokamaks based on Faraday’s law of induction (Rogowski coil) or the Hall effect (Hall sensor) have a number of disadvantages that can be most acute in fusion reactor steady-state operating regimes (…
Development of a code interface for coupled turbulence-transport simulations of tokamak edge plasmas
Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionAbstract The self-consistent simulation of the edge plasma is crucial for exploring the edge plasma solution compatible with high-performance plasma. While self-consistent edge plasma simulation is subject to the large gap between the turbulence and transpo…
Calculation of vertical stability in an inverse aspect-ratio expanded tokamak plasma equilibrium
Physics of PlasmasThe stability of vertical modes in an up–down symmetric, aspect-ratio expanded, tokamak plasma equilibrium surrounded by a conformal resistive wall is calculated. The calculation turns out to be significantly different to previous calculations of the stabil…
Harnessing Toroidal Neutral Flows to Enhance Divertor Particle Exhaust
arXivIn 1991 Reiter et al. (1991 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 33 1579) considered the onerous exhaust requirements of ITER, and wrote: "The vacuum pumping problem of a fusion reactor will probably require some novel solution". Here we show that a toroidally orie…
Detailed simulations of the first deuterium-tritium-filled double shell implosions on the National Ignition Facility
Physics of PlasmasThe first indirectly driven, liquid DT-filled double shell inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions have recently been successfully performed on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Double shells are a class of alternative designs that use a low-Z oute…
Preliminary mechanical analysis of the CS coil design for a medium-sized tokamak
Nuclear Engineering and TechnologyA preliminary mechanical analysis has been conducted for the hybrid Central Solenoid coil, designed for a medium-sized tokamak aiming for a fusion power gain Q > 1. To optimize magnetic flux, the CS coil integrates REBCO conductors in its high-field sub-coi…
Sensitivity Studies of Power Deposition Computed on Tokamak First Wall
IEEE Transactions on Plasma ScienceProfiles of power deposition on the first wall of the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak experiment are fit by tracing an analytic representation for the distribution of power from midplane along lines of magnetic field. The technique is used to help design…
An Extended Kalman Filter approach for tokamak plasma equilibrium reconstruction
Fusion Engineering and DesignFor tokamak operations, several plasma quantities need to be known in real time with a given level of accuracy. Some of these quantities cannot be measured directly and reliably, hence, estimation algorithms are needed. In particular, equilibrium reconstruc…
Non-Axisymmetric Tokamak Plasma Equilibrium by 3-D Multi-Layers Method
Applied SciencesA three-dimensional (3-D) Multi-Layers Method (MLM) of an extension of the axisymmetric version has been developed to compute non-axisymmetric tokamak plasma equilibria with a separatrix. Conventional axisymmetric tokamak control codes cannot simulate non-a…
Perspectives in laser-driven inertial fusion reactor system
AIP AdvancesFor the first time in any fusion approach, a target gain greater than one was achieved on 5 December 2022 at the National Ignition Facility using lasers in an indirect drive configuration. This breakthrough has been repeated seven times since, making fusion…
Improvements to standard diagnostic preparation and data-quality monitoring in the TCV tokamak
Fusion Engineering and DesignAs modern fusion experiments continue to push the boundaries of fusion science, the number, complexity, and importance of standard diagnostics have increased. Ensuring the recording of high-quality data from standard diagnostics is a task of great importanc…
Multi-Objective Technoeconomic Optimisation of Closed Loop CO2 Power Cycle For Spherical Tokamak Fusion Reactor
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and PowerAbstract The UK Industrial Fusion Solutions Ltd is paving pathway for a commercial magnetically confined fusion power plant, namely Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP), with the ambition of building a STEP Prototypic Powerplant (SPP) by 2040. The…
On the role of ion temperature gradient turbulence in driving ion thermal transport in neutral beam injection-heated L-mode plasmas in a superconducting tokamak
Nuclear FusionAbstract In this paper, we report a detailed experimental study of the role of ion-temperature-gradient driven turbulence in driving ion thermal transport in neutral beam injection (NBI)-heated L-mode plasmas in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak…
GRILLIX as unified fluid turbulence code for tokamaks and stellarators
Computer Physics CommunicationsThe Flux-Coordinate Independent (FCI) approach in the edge fluid turbulence code GRILLIX has proven very successful for tokamaks in handling anisotropic turbulent structures in complex diverted geometries. We extend GRILLIX to non-axisymmetric geometries, m…
Saturation of stimulated Raman side-scattering in inertial confinement fusion plasmas with a suprathermal electron tail
Physics of PlasmasIt is shown that the hot electrons generated by the stimulated Raman side-scattering (SRSS) can be gradually accelerated to high energies with the increase in linear density in plasmas. Meanwhile, the electron energy spectrum is strongly modified to the bi-…
Tuning of the current drive in tokamaks with phase-shifted beating waves
AIP AdvancesRecent advancements in tokamak devices have allowed for reaching very high plasma temperatures, giving hope for the production of thermonuclear fusion power. The theory of the generation of the electromotive force (EMF) and current drive in plasma through i…
On the shielding of the tokamak coolant systems in the EU-DEMO
Nuclear FusionAbstract The conceptual development of the EUropean DEMOnstration fusion reactor (EU-DEMO) envisages a series of modifications aimed at improving the design of the reactor and its plant systems and triggering iterative calculation procedures for an organic…
Tessellation-based analysis of impurity clustering in the edge plasma of tokamaks
Journal of Plasma PhysicsConfinement quality in fusion plasma is influenced significantly by the presence of heavy impurities, which can lead to radiative heat loss and reduced confinement. This study explores the clustering of heavy impurity, i.e. tungsten in edge plasma, using hi…
Breeder blanket and tritium fuel cycle feasibility of the Infinity Two fusion pilot plant
Journal of Plasma PhysicsThe selection, design and optimization of a suitable blanket configuration for an advanced high-field stellarator concept is seen as a key feasibility issue and has been incorporated as a vital and necessary part of the Infinity Two fusion pilot plant physi…
Advancements in Nuclear Fusion: Towards Sustainable Energy Production
Journal of the WestMany people believe that the only way to meet the world's increasing energy needs is through nuclear fusion, which is the release of energy through the combination of atomic nuclei. Nuclear fusion has the ability to provide almost endless amounts of clean e…