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Generation of field-reversed configurations via neutral beam injection
Nature CommunicationsWe report evidence of successful generation of field-reversed configuration plasmas by neutral beam injection. This is achieved by trapping the steady-state beams in an initial seed plasma, hence providing a direct source of toroidally directed energetic io…
Investigating the influence of divertor baffles on nitrogen-seeded detachment in TCV with SOLPS-ITER simulations and TCV experiments
Nuclear FusionAbstract Plasma edge simulations with the SOLPS-ITER code are performed to study the influence of divertor baffles on nitrogen-seeded detachment in Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) single-null, L-mode discharges. Scans of nitrogen seeding rate are con…
Effect of 4.6 GHz LHW on tungsten transport in NBI dominant H-mode plasma in EAST tokamak
Nuclear FusionAbstract Experimental observations in EAST tokamak have revealed a notable suppression of tungsten accumulation during the lower hybrid wave (LHW) injection in the neutral beam injection (NBI)-heated H-mode plasma. The variation in tungsten concentration du…
Expanding ASTRA: a unified framework for tokamak and stellarator transport modelling
Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionAbstract We present recent developments to the one-dimensional transport solver ASTRA, which will enable the simulation of plasma evolution in both tokamaks and stellarators. To achieve this, a generic current diffusion equation for the poloidal magnetic fl…
Two-photon polymerization for inertial fusion energy target fabrication
Applied Physics AAbstract This study focuses on optimizing the fabrication of foam targets for laser-driven inertial fusion energy using two-photon polymerization (2PP). 2PP offers nanoscale precision, enabling the fabrication of foams with precise control over structure, s…
Bayesian experimental design of magnetic diagnostics on the WEST tokamak
Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionAbstract Next-generation fusion reactors such as DEMO pose significant challenges in the design of diagnostic systems due to stringent spatial limitations and cost constraints. In response to these challenges, we apply Bayesian experimental design methodolo…
Experimental observation and edge characteristics of EDA H-mode on the HL-3 tokamak
Nuclear FusionAbstract The enhanced D α (EDA) H-mode features high energy confinement together with the absence of edge localized modes (ELMs) and impurity accumulation, making it highly attractive for fusion reactors. The EDA H-mode has been observed recently in the HL-…
Plasma heat load in the toroidal gaps of the ITER-like plasma facing units in WEST tokamak
Nuclear Materials and Energy• Heat loading into toroidal gap between ITER-grade PFUs. • The very high spatial resolution (0.1 mm/px) infrared camera of WEST has been used to monitor the temperature distribution. • The experimental IR images exhibit complex pattern with strong signal i…
Transport and confinement physics: Chapter 2 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation
Nuclear FusionAbstract Progress in physics understanding and theoretical model development of plasma transport and confinement (TC) in the ITPA TC Topical Group since the publication of the ITER Physics Basis (IPB) document (Doyle et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S18) was summ…
STAR_Lite: A stellarator designed to experimentally validate non-resonant divertors
arXivThe non-resonant divertor (NRD) offers a promising exhaust solution for stellarators, combining topological simplicity with resilience to magnetic field perturbations. To experimentally validate the robustness of non-resonant divertors in a quasi-axisymmetr…
Diode laser pumps for future inertial fusion energy systems: status and perspectives
Optics ExpressDiode laser pumps are a critical enabling technology for inertial fusion energy (IFE), and will remain the largest contributor to facility cost, even assuming tenfold cost-reduction at high volumes. An overview of diode requirements for IFE and a technology…
A simple model of current ramp-up and ramp-down in tokamaks
Nuclear FusionAbstract A simple model of the ramp-up and ramp-down of the toroidal current in a tokamak plasma is developed. Faraday’s law of electric induction is found to limit how rapidly the current can be safety ramped up or down. It is estimated that the minimum co…
Electromagnetic design of a hybrid central solenoid for a medium-sized tokamak
AIP AdvancesThe electromagnetic design optimization of a hybrid central solenoid (CS) coil is studied for a medium-sized superconducting fusion tokamak, which is smaller than the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor and aims to realize a fusion power gain Q > 1. Th…
Magnetohydrodynamic effects on liquid metal flows in an open channel for fusion plasma facing components with a transverse magnetic field
Nuclear FusionAbstract Laminar magnetohydrodynamics film flows in an open channel of arbitrary electrical conductivity under the influence of a transverse magnetic field are investigated. The effects of the magnetic field, channel conductivity, and channel width on curre…
Reduced kinetic modelling of shattered pellet injection in ASDEX upgrade
Journal of Plasma PhysicsPlasma-terminating disruptions represent a critical outstanding issue for reactor-relevant tokamaks. ITER will use shattered pellet injection (SPI) as its disruption mitigation system to reduce heat loads, vessel forces and to suppress the formation of runa…
Piecewise omnigenous magnetohydrodynamic equilibria as fusion reactor candidates
arXivIn piecewise omnigenous magnetic fields, charged particles remain perfectly confined in the abscence of collisions and turbulence. This concept extends the traditional notion of omnigenity, the theoretical principle upon which most of existing magnetic fusi…
Stacked-mosaic amplifier and diode delivery concept for kJ-class inertial fusion energy laser driver
Optics ExpressWe report on a laser amplifier architecture designed as a modular element for scaling to multi-megajoule laser facilities intended for inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plants. This kilojoule-class module features a stacked mosaic of gain media integrated…
Visualizing digital twins of fusion power plants using NVIDIA Omniverse
AIP AdvancesThis paper discusses the NVIDIA Omniverse platform for visualizing and integrating digital twins of fusion power plants, focusing on enhancing the design, simulation, and operational workflows of complex fusion systems. As global fusion projects such as ITE…
40 years of JET operations: a unique contribution to fusion science
Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionAbstract During its 40 years of operations, the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak has consistently pushed the physics and engineering boundaries of fusion research, providing the scientific community with a unique testing ground for theories and innovative…
Overview of deuterium-tritium nuclear operations at JET
Fusion Engineering and DesignTwo unique high-performance Deuterium-Tritium (DT) campaigns were performed at JET in 2021 and 2023 producing more than 1.5·10 21 14.1 MeV neutrons. These campaigns not only achieved breakthroughs in fusion energy but also provided unique opportunities for…
Gyrokinetic transport driven by ubiquitous modes in LTX-like tokamak with ‘flat’ temperature
Nuclear FusionAbstract A global, gyro-kinetic nonlinear study of the ubiquitous mode (UM) for Lithium Tokamak eXperiment (LTX)-like profiles, under flat electron and ion temperature scenarios is conducted using a global gyrokinetic model. Exact MHD equilibria with circul…
Correlation between radiated power and target heat flux in the island divertor of W7-X
Nuclear FusionAbstract Radiative losses from the plasma represent a key component of global power balance in a magnetic confinement fusion device. Measurements of the plasma radiation and its spatial distribution are essential for physical studies and to ensure safe mach…
Scaling and Performance Analysis of Smilei in Hemispherical Foil Target Simulations for Inertial Fusion Energy
Procedia Computer ScienceWe conducted a performance evaluation of the particle-in-cell code Smilei, focusing on the interaction between a picosecond (ps) laser and free-standing hemispherical multi-layer targets with densities of 1.11 × 1022cm -3 . The simulations are performed the…
GEM3k: Architecture and Design of a Novel 3rd Generation High Channel Density Soft X-Ray Diagnostic System Towards Commercial Fusion Power Plants
EnergiesAchieving reliable, grid-scale electricity generation from nuclear fusion, as envisioned by the DEMOnstration Fusion Power Plant (DEMO) and future commercial reactors, requires unprecedented plasma stability and long-term control. This operational goal is f…