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Power Balance in Tokamak Fusion Reactor
Lecture notes in mechanical engineeringnull
On the minimum size of tokamaks aimed at fusion energy gain with optimum plasma temperature
Fusion Engineering and DesignThis work explores factors affecting the size reduction of tokamaks aiming at a specific thermal deuterium-tritium fusion energy gain Q f u s , using 1/2D physics models with IPB98(y,2) scaling law. A simplified Q f u s expression reveals an optimum plasma…
Gyrokinetic simulation of the effect of transient fueling on plasma turbulence in ADITYA-U tokamak
arXiv (Cornell University)The gradient-driven microturbulence in ADITYA-U tokamak plasmas has been suppressed by injecting short gas puffs. The suppression of microturbulence increases the core temperature and subsequently the energy confinement time following the gas puff. The gas…
Core profile prediction and transport analysis of the Helios stellarator fusion power plant
Fusion Engineering and DesignDetails on the transport properties and profile prediction analysis of the preconceptual design of the “Helios” stellarator fusion power plant (Swanson et al., 2025) are discussed in the present work. A multi-scale framework is used that incorporates turbul…
Exploration of polar direct drive wetted foam concepts for neutron sources on the National Ignition Facility laser
Physics of PlasmasA multi-laboratory collaborative effort is currently exploring the feasibility of laser direct drive liquid deuterium–tritium (DT) wetted foam inertial confinement fusion concepts being considered for novel neutron sources on the National Ignition Facility…
The Spherical Tokamak Advanced Reactor (Star) Fusion Power Plant Design
SSRN Electronic Journalnull
Comparative studies of cross-phase dynamics in turbulent momentum flux and particle flux at the tokamak edge
Reviews of Modern Plasma PhysicsAbstract Turbulent transport events, including turbulent transport flux of momentum (i.e., turbulent momentum flux or Reynolds stress) and turbulent transport flux of particle (i.e., turbulent particle flux), have important effects on the confinement perfor…
Regulation compliant AI for fusion: explainable image-based feedback control of divertor detachment in DIII-D tokamak
Nuclear FusionAbstract While artificial intelligence (AI) has been promising for fusion control, its inherent black-box nature will make compliant implementation in regulatory environments a challenge. This study implements and validates a real-time AI-enabled linear and…
A field-aligned gyrokinetic solver based on discontinuous Galerkin in tokamak geometry
Computer Physics CommunicationsThis paper presents the development of a hyperbolic solver for the gyrokinetic equation in tokamak geometry. The discontinuous Galerkin method discretizes the gyrokinetic equation on the field-aligned mesh composed of twisted prism-shaped elements in the to…
Economic study on the key aspects required for a commercial fusion power plant design based on EUROfusion-DEMO to become commercially viable
Fusion Engineering and DesignTo use fusion as a source for energy it is important to understand where future fusion plants would fit into the energy markets of the latter half of the century. The European demonstration power plant (EU-DEMO) is the first step to understanding this but a…
Discovery III: Missions to the Outer Planets Using Inertial Confinement Fusion Propulsion
Journal of Spacecraft and RocketsIn the future, space missions to the outer planets within our solar system that carry a human crew may be possible. This work revisits a NASA crewed spacecraft design concept Discovery II, which proposed to use a spherical torus magnetic confinement fusion…
Integrated physics and magnet design for the ST-E1 fusion power plant
Nuclear FusionAbstract ST-E1 is Tokamak Energy’s commercially competitive fusion power plant design featuring a lifetime high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet cage, which has completed its pre-concept design stage. A central challenge at the pre-concept stage is…
Fiber-Optic Current Sensor Concept for the T-15MD Tokamak
Physics of Atomic NucleiAbstract Classic methods for plasma current measurement in tokamaks based on Faraday’s law of induction (Rogowski coil) or the Hall effect (Hall sensor) have a number of disadvantages that can be most acute in fusion reactor steady-state operating regimes (…
Development of a code interface for coupled turbulence-transport simulations of tokamak edge plasmas
Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionAbstract The self-consistent simulation of the edge plasma is crucial for exploring the edge plasma solution compatible with high-performance plasma. While self-consistent edge plasma simulation is subject to the large gap between the turbulence and transpo…
Calculation of vertical stability in an inverse aspect-ratio expanded tokamak plasma equilibrium
Physics of PlasmasThe stability of vertical modes in an up–down symmetric, aspect-ratio expanded, tokamak plasma equilibrium surrounded by a conformal resistive wall is calculated. The calculation turns out to be significantly different to previous calculations of the stabil…
Harnessing Toroidal Neutral Flows to Enhance Divertor Particle Exhaust
arXivIn 1991 Reiter et al. (1991 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 33 1579) considered the onerous exhaust requirements of ITER, and wrote: "The vacuum pumping problem of a fusion reactor will probably require some novel solution". Here we show that a toroidally orie…
Detailed simulations of the first deuterium-tritium-filled double shell implosions on the National Ignition Facility
Physics of PlasmasThe first indirectly driven, liquid DT-filled double shell inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions have recently been successfully performed on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Double shells are a class of alternative designs that use a low-Z oute…
Preliminary mechanical analysis of the CS coil design for a medium-sized tokamak
Nuclear Engineering and TechnologyA preliminary mechanical analysis has been conducted for the hybrid Central Solenoid coil, designed for a medium-sized tokamak aiming for a fusion power gain Q > 1. To optimize magnetic flux, the CS coil integrates REBCO conductors in its high-field sub-coi…
Sensitivity Studies of Power Deposition Computed on Tokamak First Wall
IEEE Transactions on Plasma ScienceProfiles of power deposition on the first wall of the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak experiment are fit by tracing an analytic representation for the distribution of power from midplane along lines of magnetic field. The technique is used to help design…
An Extended Kalman Filter approach for tokamak plasma equilibrium reconstruction
Fusion Engineering and DesignFor tokamak operations, several plasma quantities need to be known in real time with a given level of accuracy. Some of these quantities cannot be measured directly and reliably, hence, estimation algorithms are needed. In particular, equilibrium reconstruc…
Non-Axisymmetric Tokamak Plasma Equilibrium by 3-D Multi-Layers Method
Applied SciencesA three-dimensional (3-D) Multi-Layers Method (MLM) of an extension of the axisymmetric version has been developed to compute non-axisymmetric tokamak plasma equilibria with a separatrix. Conventional axisymmetric tokamak control codes cannot simulate non-a…
Perspectives in laser-driven inertial fusion reactor system
AIP AdvancesFor the first time in any fusion approach, a target gain greater than one was achieved on 5 December 2022 at the National Ignition Facility using lasers in an indirect drive configuration. This breakthrough has been repeated seven times since, making fusion…
Improvements to standard diagnostic preparation and data-quality monitoring in the TCV tokamak
Fusion Engineering and DesignAs modern fusion experiments continue to push the boundaries of fusion science, the number, complexity, and importance of standard diagnostics have increased. Ensuring the recording of high-quality data from standard diagnostics is a task of great importanc…
Multi-Objective Technoeconomic Optimisation of Closed Loop CO2 Power Cycle For Spherical Tokamak Fusion Reactor
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and PowerAbstract The UK Industrial Fusion Solutions Ltd is paving pathway for a commercial magnetically confined fusion power plant, namely Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP), with the ambition of building a STEP Prototypic Powerplant (SPP) by 2040. The…